Bipolar disorders are a type of serious mental illness that cause a person to experience extreme changes in mood and mental state. These include episodes of mania and episodes of depression—and in some cases, mixed episodes, with symptoms of both mania and depression. Bipolar episodes can be extremely disruptive to a person’s life and can also put a person’s health and safety at risk.
While bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing treatment, it can be managed, and it’s possible for a person with bipolar disorder to enjoy a good quality of life. One of the most important factors for a person managing bipolar disorder is the support of loved ones and friends.
What is a caregiver?
The term “caregiver” refers to someone who looks after and cares for a loved one who needs help and support. Caregiving can involve a wide range of tasks and responsibilities. These may include:
- Managing medications. People with bipolar disorder require medications to manage the condition—in most cases, multiple medications. Success with treatment depends on taking these medications exactly as prescribed, and it can help to have assistance with dosing schedules and timing. A caregiver can also help look for changes in symptoms or side effects, and ensure these are reported to the prescribing healthcare provider.
- Help with treatment. This can include encouraging your loved one to continue with treatment and making appointments with providers. This can also include communicating with a healthcare team about changes in symptoms or behaviors.
- Safety. During manic episodes, individuals with bipolar disorder may engage in impulsive and risky behaviors that can put their safety at risk. A caregiver can help monitor for signs of manic behavior and guide them to help in this situation.
- Everyday tasks. Individuals with bipolar disorder may find it difficult to keep up with tasks like grocery shopping, meal prep, and organization, either during episodes or while focusing on treatment. A caregiver can help make sure that their loved one’s basic needs are being met.
- Emotional support. Bipolar disorder is a challenging condition to live with, and it can help to have a friend to talk to and spend time with.
- Be there in case of emergency. It’s important to have a mental health crisis plan in place in case it’s needed. In severe cases, bipolar episodes can require emergency medical care. These include episodes of severe depression as well as severe manic or mixed episodes.
Overall, being a caregiver for someone with bipolar disorder requires patience, understanding, and a willingness to provide ongoing support.
Strategies for effective caregiving
Bipolar disorder is a different experience for different people. As a caregiver, it’s important to understand what your role entails and how you can best support your loved one with bipolar disorder. Here are some strategies that can help:
- Educate yourself. Learn as much as you can about bipolar disorder, including its symptoms, treatment options, and potential triggers. This can help you better understand your loved one's experiences and provide more effective support.
- Communicate. Talk openly and honestly with your loved one about their condition and how you can best support them. Encourage them to communicate their needs and feelings to you as well.
- Provide structure and routine. Individuals with bipolar disorder may benefit from a structured daily routine. Help to establish regular routines for meals, sleep, and activities to promote stability and reduce stress.
- Encourage healthy habits. Encourage your loved one to engage in healthy habits, such as regular exercise, eating well, and stress-reducing activities like meditation or yoga.
- Take care of yourself. Caring for someone with bipolar disorder can be stressful and challenging. Seek out support from family, friends, or support groups. Pay attention to your own stress levels, workload, and emotions. Keep up with your own needs, including nutrition, exercise, and healthcare appointments.
A person with bipolar disorder can experience a range of emotions and behaviors, including mood swings, anxiety, and irritability. Caring for a loved one with bipolar disorder can be challenging, but it can also be a very rewarding experience.
If you have specific questions about caring for a loved one with bipolar disorder, your best source of information will be your loved one’s healthcare providers.
